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Family Annonaceae
Ilang-ilang vine
Artabotrys hexapetalus (L.f.) Bhandari.
CLIMBING YLANG-YLANG
Ying zhao hua

Scientific names Common names
Annna hexapetala L.f. Bhandari vine (Engl.)
Annna uncinata Lam. Cimbing ilang-ilang (Engl.)
Artabotrys hamatus (Dunal) blume Climbing ylang-ylang (Engl.)
Artabotrys hexapetalus (Dunal) blume Ilang-ilang vine (Engl.)
Artabotrys intermedius (L.f.) Bhandari Tail grape (Engl.)
Artabotrys odoratissimus R.Br. Ylang-ylang vine (Engl.)
Artabotrys uncata (Lour.) Baill.  
Artabotrys uncatus (Lour.) Baill.  
Artabotrys uncinatus (Lam.) Merr.  
Unona uncata (Lour.) Dunal.  
Unona uncinata (Lam..) Dunal.  
Uvaria esculenta Roxb. ex Rottler  
Uvaria hamata Roxb.  
Uvaria odoratissima Roxb.  
Uvaria uncata Lour.  
Artabotrys hexapetalus (L.f.) Bhandari is an accepted name. The Plant List
Ilang-ilang is a common name shared by (1) Ilang-ilang gubat, Desmos cochinchinensis (2) Ilang-ilang, Cananga odorata, and (3) Ilang-ilang vine, Arbotrys hexapetalus.

Other vernacular names
BENGALI: Kathali champa, Kaanthali chaampaa, Kantali chambpa.
BURMESE: Kada ngan, Padat ngan, Tadaing hmwe.
CHINESE: Ying zhao hua, Ying zhao lan.
FRENCH: Ilang-ilang gripant, Liane ilang-ilang, Coq du Levant.
HINDI: M admanti, Madanmast, Hari champa.
JAPANESE: Iraniran noki, Tsuru iraniran.
KANNADA: Kandala sammpige, Manoranjanballi, Manoranjani hoo balli, Naaga champaka.
MALAYALAM: Madanakameswari, Manoranjitam.
MALAYSIA: Kenanga china, Kenanga bolok.
MARATHI: Hirvachampa.
RUSSIAN: Artabotris, Ilang-ilang.
SANSKRIT: Hara champa, Harachampaka, Madanah, Phalasamenga.
TAMIL: Akkurotam, Antakam, Kanankay, Makaticam, Mano ranjitam, Tiga sampangi.
TELUGU: Manoranjidamu, Phala sampenga, Phalasampanga, Sakalaphalasampanga.
THAI: Karawek, Kradang nga chin, Saban nga chin.
VIETNAMESE: D[aa]y c[oo]ng ch[us]a, Hoa m[os]ng r[oof]ng.

Gen info
Ilang-ilang is a common name shared by (1) Ilang-ilang gubat, Desmos cochinchinensis (2) Ilang-ilang, Cananga odorata, and (3) Ilang-ilang vine, Arbotrys hexapetalus.

Botany
Artabotrys hexapetalus is a climbing vine or scandent shrub that can reach up to 6 m tall. The plant is a shrub when young, becoming a climber when it attains a height of about 2 meters. Young twigs are densely appressed, brown and hairy, while old twigs have many obtuse thorny branches, 1.5-6 cm long. Leaves are 5 to 25 cm by 2.5 to 8 cm, wedge-shaped at the base, acute at the apex, short, acuminate with 0.4 to 0.8 cm long petiole. Flower is solitary or in pairs on a straight peduncle, later thickened and recurved. Sepals are ovate triangular, about 5 mm long and hairy outside. Outer petals are 3.7 to 4.5 cm by 0.9 to 1.6 cm; inner petals 3.2-4.2 cm by 0.9 to 1.2 cm, green turning bright yellow and with 20-30 carpels. Carpels are monocarp, obovoid, mucronate, 3.5 to 5 cm long, yellow, and a pleasant fruity fragrance. (11)

Distribution
- Indigenous in southern India and Sri Lanka, later introduced throughout the Old World tropics.
- Commonly cultivated in southern china, Indo-china, the Philippines, and Java. (11)

Constituents
- Study of leaves yielded two new flavonol glycosides, artabotryside A (1) and artabotryside-B (2) along with three known flavonoids, taxifolin (3), 7-O-glucoluteolin (4), apigenin-7-O-apiosyl(1-->2) glycoside (5), and two organic acids, succinic (6) and fumaric aid(7). (3)
- Dried extracts of Arbotrys hexapetalus yielded quercetin in the range of 0.35%-4.26% (w/w) and apigenin 0.64%-8.46% (w/w). (4)
- Study of hexane extract of leaves isolated four aliphatic compounds, namely: monotricont-6-ene-25-ol (1), monotriacontan-13-ol (2), heptylundecyl-5-enoate (3), and butanone-3-undecylicosanoate (4). (7)
- Study of roots isolated seven pairs of sesquiterpenes (1a/1b-7a/7b), a new peroxybridge sesquiterpene (8), and a new peroxy-bridge norsesquiterpene (9), together with five known compounds. (see study below) (8)
- Study of seeds isolated eight compounds, identified as four neolignans, isoamericanin A (1), isoamericanol A (2), americanin B (3), and artabotrycinol (4), a semiterpenoid, (R)-artabotriol (5), along with palmitic acid (6), beta-sitosterol (7), and daucosterol (8). (9)
- Flower yields a light, watery, transparent, sweet, and delicate pale yellow essential oil. The EO contains benzyl acetate, benzyl benzoate, linalool, caryophyllene, geranyl acetate, methyl benzoate, p-cresyl methyl ester, safrole, etc.
- GC and GC/MS stnalysis of A. hexapetalus flower essential oil yielded 26 components of the oil including sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (33.3% of the oil) and oxygenated sesquiterpenoids (47.7%). Major components were identified as ß-caryophyllene (11.4%) and caryophyllene oxide (31.5%). (15)
- Study of leaves yielded two novel flavonol glycosides named arapetaloside A and B, along with three known flavonoids, taxifolin, apigenin-7-O-apiosyl (1 fwdarw 2) glucoside ad glucoluteolin. (22)

Properties
- Considered antidepressant, mood elevator, antiseborrheic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, hypotensive, hair revitalizer.
- Studies have suggested anthelmintic, cytotoxic, antileishmanial, antioxidant, anticancer, radical scavenging, antifertility, antiviral properties.

Parts used
Fruits, roots, leaves, bark, essential oil.

Uses

Folkloric
- In Chinese folk medicine, root and fruits used in treatment of malaria and scrofula, respectively. (3)
- Tribal communities of India use the plant for treatment of cholera.and worm infestation. (5)
Others
- Essential oil: Flowers yield an essential oil used in perfumes, deodorants, beauty soaps, shampoos, skin and hair lotions and creams. (4)

Studies
Antileishmanic Activity / Apigenin and Quercetin:
Study evaluated the antileishmanic effects of different extracts of A. hexapetalus against Leishmania donovani. Dried extracts yielded quercetin in the range of 0.35%-4.26% (w/w) and apigenin 0.64%-8.46%. Cytotoxicity assay of extracts over promastigotes showed the petroleum ether extract to be most cytotoxic with IC50 10.28 ± 1.06 µg/mL. Results showed the plant is effective against L. donovani in vitro. (4)
Antidiarrheal / Anthelmintic Activity: Study of the aromatic plant in experimental models showed antidiarrheal and anthelmintic effects. (5)
Antimicrobial against Storage Fungi and Aflatoxin B1 Secretion: / Essential Oil: Study evaluated the essential oil for antifungal activity against some storage fungi contamination of food stuffs. Results showed EO MIC of 750 µL/L against Aspergillus flavus, superior to prevalent synthetic fungicides. The EO exhibited broad fungitoxic spectrum against 14 different storage fungi. Also, the EO showed significant efficacy in arresting aflatoxin B1 secretion by the toxigenic strain of A. flavus. (6)
Antiviral / Cytotoxic / Roots: Study of roots isolated seven pairs of sesquiterpenes (1a/1b-7a/7b), a new peroxybridge sesquiterpene (8), and a new peroxy-bridge norsesquiterpene (9), together with five known compounds. Compounds 1a, 1b, 12a-12d, and 14 sowed moderate antiviral activity against Coxsackie virus B3 with IC50s of 6.41-33.33 µM and S1 values >2.1. Compounds 5b, 8, and 12a exhibited weak activity against influenza virus A H3N2 with IC50s range from 19.24 to 33.33 µM and S1 values > 3.0. Compound 12c exhibited selective cytotoxicity against A2780 cell line with IC50 of 8.30 µM, while compound 12d showed potent activity against HCT-116, HepG2, and A2780 cell lines with IC50 of 3.24, 3.23, and 3.14 µM, respectively. (8)
Copper Nanoparticles / Antibacterial: Study reports on the green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles using Artobotrys hexapetalus and Bambusa vulgaris plant extracts as reducing agents. The antibacterial activity of both prepared CuO nanoparticles was evaluated against gram-negative E. coli pathogen. (10)
Antimicrobial / Antioxidant / Anticancer / Leaves: Study revealed antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer potential by invitro assay of Artabotrys hexapetalus leaves. Compared to other solvent extracts, the methanol extract yielded the higher phenolic content (49.15 µg/mg), flavonoid content (49.15 µg/mg) and potential antioxidant capacity (IC50 of 10.15 ± 0.85 µg/mg). Trisaccharide, n-hexadecanoic acid was isolated. The trisaccharide and partially separated fractions yielded higher antioxidant, anticancer (MCF-7) and antimicrobial activity. Results suggest potential for a new biological agent from A. hexapetalus leaves. (12)
Preparation of Essential Oil Microcapsule / Antibacterial / Invention: Invention relates to the preparation method and application of Artabotrys hexapetalus essential oil microcapsule The obtained A. hexapetalus EO is in powder form, relatively good in water solubility and stability, high in embedding rate, and slow to release, with significant antibacterial activity, with potential application in chemicals and medicines. (14)
Radical Scavenging Activity / Phenolic Content / Leaves: Study of leaf extract of A. hexapetalus showed 83.17% DPPH scavenging activity. Total phenol content was 123.138 µgGAE/µg and flavonoid content of 279.640 µgRutin/µg. (16)
Absence of Anthelmintic Activity / Leaves: Study of a hydoalcoholic extract of Artabotrys hexapetalus leaves did not show anthelmintic activity against African adult earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae. (17)
Novel Lipid Constituents / Antimicrobial / Leaves: Study of unsaponifiable matter extract from leaves of A. odoratissimus isolated novel lipds by using n-hexane. Two known compounds, one new carboxyester, 1-carboxy-heneicosane pentadecanoate, and two monoesters, hexyl pentaicosanoate and pentyl pentaicosanoate, were identified. The isolated compounds showed variable antimicrobial activity (18)
Antibacterial / Cytotoxicity / Essential Oil: Study evaluated the chemical constituents and bioactivity of essential oil from A. hexapetalus. GC-MS analysis detected 68 chromatographic peaks and identified 53 compounds. The EO showed inhibitory activity against S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis and exhibited higher activity to restrain liver cancer cells (BEL-7402) with IC50s of 12.07 mg/L. (19)
Anthelmintic / Cytotoxicity / Bark: Study of a methanolic bark extract of A. hexapetalus showed in-vitro anthelmintic activity using Pheretima posthuma and cytotoxic activity using brine shrimp lethality bioassay.. (20)
Sesquiterpenoids / Cytotoxicity against Cancer Cell Lines / Roots: Study of roots isolated artaboterpenoids A and B (1 and 2), two novel bisabolene-derived sesquiterpenoids. Compound 2a exhibited cytotoxic effects against HCT-116, HepG2, A2780, NCI-H1650, and BGC-823 cell lines with IC50s of 1.38 to 8.19 µM. (21)
Antifertility / Leaves: Study evaluated various extracts of A. odoratisimus and C. guianensis for antifertility activity in adult female rats measuring effect on duration of various stages of estrus cycle and number of transplantation sites in pregnant rats. The ethanol and water extracts of A. odoratissimus leaves showed anti-implantation effect. The disturbance in implantation may be due to interference in the receptive stage of the uteri and endometrial sensitivity for decidualisation. (23)

Availability
- Wild-crafted.
- Seeds in the cybermarket.

October 2020

                                                 PHOTOS / ILLUSTRATIONS
IMAGE SOURCE: Photograph / Artabotrys hexapetalus flower / Vinaraya / CC by SA 3.0 / click on image to go to source page / Wikipedia
IMAGE SOURCE: Photograph / Artabotrys hexapetalus fruits / click on image to go to source page / © indiamart
IMAGE SOURCE: Photograph / Artabotrys hexapetalus leaves / David Stang / CC by SA43.0 / click on image to go to source page / Wikimedia Commons
 
OTHER IMAGE SOURCE: /Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp. - quickstick GLSE2 / Steve Hurst @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / USDA
IMAGE SOURCE: / Photos (2) / Pterocaulon redolens (Willd.) F.-Vill. / © Collected by www.plant.ac.cn / ZHIWUTONG / CLICK ON IMAGE TO GO TO SOURCE PAGE
IMAGE SOURCE: / Line drawing / Pterocaulon redolens (Willd.) F.-Vill. / © Collected by www.plant.ac.cn / ZHIWUTONG / CLICK ON IMAGE TO GO TO SOURCE PAGE
OTHER IMAGE SOURCE: / Photo / Rutaceae : Lunasia amara det. John Rey Callado / Leaf / Copyright © 2012 by P.B. Pelser & J.F. Barcelona (contact: pieter.pelser@canterbury.ac.nz) [ref. DOL52015] / Non-Commercial Use / Phytoimages.siu.edu
OTHER IMAGE SOURCE: / Flower close-up / dracobotanicus -- Wayne Dumbleton / Creative Commons Attribution / flickr / Click on graphic to see original image / flickr /
OTHER IMAGE SOURCE: / Illustration / Cissampelos pareira L. [5809-247450-161657] / Indian medicinal plants, vol. 1: t. 42 / PlantIllustrations.org
flickr /
Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)
Photos ©Godofredo Stuart / StuartXchange
Content © Godofredo Stuart / StuartXchange
Content / Photos © Godofredo Stuart / StuartXchange
Photos © Godofredo Stuart / StuartXchange

Additional Sources and Suggested Readings
(1)
Artobotrys odoratissimus / Synonyms / The Plant List
(2)
Sorting Artobotrys names / /Maintained by: Michel H. Porcher / MULTILINGUAL MULTISCRIPT PLANT NAME DATABASE / Copyright © 1995 - 2020 / A Work in Progress. School of Agriculture and Food Systems. Faculty of Land & Food Resources. The Univers ity of Melbourne. Australia.

(3)
Studies on the chemical constituents of the leaves from Artabotrys hexapetalus / T Li, J Yu / Yao Xue Xue Bao: Acta Pharmaceutica sinica, Aug 1998; 33(8): pp 591-596 / PMID: 12016898 
(4)
Simultaneous HPTLC analysis and in vitro antileishmanic activity of various secondary metabolites in extract of the traditional medicinal herb Artabotrys hexapetalus (L.f.) / Sakshi Bajaj, Sharad Ramesh Wakode, Washim Khan, Satish Manchanda, and Sachin Kumar / Ayu., 2018 Apr-Jun; 39(2): pp 92–100.  / doi: 10.4103/ayu.AYU_158_17 / PMCID: PMC6369602 / PMID: 30783364
(5)
Phyto-pharmcognostic and experimental study of artabotrys hexapetalus (linn. f ) bhandari w.s.r to its anti- diarrhoeal and anthelminthic effect / Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka , 2011 / http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4582
(6)
Efficacy of Artabotrys odoratissimus oil as a plant based antimicrobial against storage fungi and aflatoxin B1 secretion / Bhawana Srivastava, Priyanka Singh, Anjil Kumar Srivastava, Ravindra Shukla, Nwal Kishore Dubey / Internatonal Journal of Food Science & Technology, 2009; 44(10) / https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2009.01981.x
(7)
Lipid constituents from the leaves of Artabotrys odoratissimus. / Mehta B K, Rohini Ojha, Pramila Kori, Thapak T R, Prabha Mehta / Internatonal Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2009; 7(2): pp 1395-1402 / ISSN: 0972-768X
(8)
Bioactive sesquiterpenoids from the roots of Artabotrys hexapetalus / Feng-Min Xi Shi-shan Yu et al / Tetrahedron, Feb 2017; 73(5): pp 571-582 / https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2016.12.043
(9)
Studies on the chemical constituents of the seeds from Artabostrys hexapetalus (Annonaceae) / Yu J G, Li T M, Sun L, Luo X Z, Ding W, Li D Y / Yao Xue Xue Bao: Acta Pharmaceutica sinica, Apr 2001; 36(4): pp 281-286 / PMID: 12580057 
(10)
Investigation on photocatalytic and antibacterial ability of green treated copper oxide nanoparticles using Artabotrys Hexapetalus and Bambusa Vulgaris plant extract / S Haseena, S shanavas, J Duraimurugan, T Ahamad, S M Aishehri, R Acevedo, and N Jayamani / Materials Research Express, 2019; 6(12)
(11)
Artabotrys hexapetalus / GLOBEinMED
(12)
Metabolic profiling and biological activities of Artabotrys hexapetalus (L.f.) Bandari leaves / Balamurugan Pandiyan, Sangilimuthu Alagar Yadav, Lukmanul Hakkim Faruck, Hamid Bakshi / DOI: https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i2.2226
(13)
A review on Artabotrys odoratissimus (Annonaceae) / Saritha Kodithala and R Murali / Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2018; 7(5): pp 1414-1416 /
(14)
Preparation method and application of artabotrys hexapetalus essential oil microcapsule / CN104940254A / China
(15)
Chemical Composition of the Flower Essential Oil of Artabotrys hexapetalus (L. f.) Bhandare of Vietnam / Giang M Phan, Son T Phan and Wilfried A Konig / Journal of Essential Oil Research, 2007; 19(6) / https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2007.9699321
(16)
Estimation of In-vitro Antioxidant activity and Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Content of Selected Medicinal Plants / A. Krishna Satya, K.M.Sowjanya, J.Swathi, K.Narendra / Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., March-April 2017; 43(2) Article No. 27: pp 142-147 /ISSN 0976 – 044X
(17)
Absence of anthelmintic activity of hydroalcoholic leaf extracts of Artabotrys hexapetalus (Linn.f / M Vasundhara, Y Karthik, K Anjali, C chithra, riyanka Gupta ad C Roopa / Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, Jan-Dec 2014; 5(1)
(18)
Novel lipid constituents identified from the leaves of Artabotrys odoratissimus (R.Br) / Bhupendra K Mehta, Himanshu Misra / Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Feb 2017; Vol 10, Supple 1: pp 5742-5746 / https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.11.020
(19)
GC-MS Analysis and Bioactivity of Essential Oil from Artabotrys hexapetalus / Wang Yan,Cchen Wen-hao, Chen Guang-ying, Song Xiao-ping, Zhang Da-shuai, Ping Yuan-yuan / Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae, 2013-17
(20)
INVESTIGATION OF IN-VITRO ANTHELMINTIC AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF ARTABOTRYS HEXAPETALUS (FAMILY: ANNONACEAE) BARK GROWING IN BANGLADESH / Niaz Morshed, Md. Mizanur Rahman Moghal, Mohammad Nurul Amin, Md Golam Kibria and Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan / TBR: Trends in Biotechnology Research, 2012; 1(2) / ISSN: 2320-0421 / eISSN: 2320-043X
(21)
Artaboterpenoids A and B, Bisabolene-Derived Sesquiterpenoids from Artabotrys hexapetalus / Feng-Min Xi, Shuang-Gang Ma, Yun-Bao Liu, Li Li, and Shi-Shan Yu / Organic Letters, 2016; 18(14): pp 3374-3377 / https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01519
(22)
Flavonoids from Artabotrys hexapetalus / / Phytochemistry, 1997; 45(4): pp 831-833
(23)
Antifertility activity of Artabotrys odoratissimus Roxb. and Couroupita guianensis Aubl. / M. Geetha, M. B. Shankar, R. S. Mehta, A. K. Saluja / Journal of Natural Remedies, 2005; 5(2): pp 121-125

                                                                          DOI
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                                                            List of Understudied Philippine Medicinal Plants

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