Gen info
- Vatica is a genus of about 65 species belonging to the largest subfamily Dipterocarpoideae in the family Dipterocarpaceae.
- Vatica mangachapoi is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae.

Botany
• Trees to 20 m tall, white resinous. Branchlets stellate-puberulous. Petiole 1.5-2 cm, densely grayish yellow puberulous; leaf blade oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 5-13 × 2-5 cm, leathery, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent, lateral veins 7-10 pairs raised on both surfaces, tertiary veins conspicuous, base rounded or truncate, margin entire, apex acuminate or acute. Panicle terminal or axillary, 4-8 cm, slender, silver-gray stellate-pubescent. Calyx grayish yellow pubescent; sepals ovate-lanceolate or oblong, unequal, ca. 3.2 cm. Petals white, sometimes yellowish or reddish, oblong or linear-spatulate, ca. 10 × 4 mm, outside pubescent, inside glabrous. Stamens 15; filaments short, unequal; anthers oblong; connective appendages short, obtuse. Ovary globose, densely puberulous; style short; stigma capitate. Fruit globose; 2 calyx segments lorate, longer, 3-4 × 1-1.5 cm, longitudinally 5-veined, apex rounded; 3 shorter segments lanceolate, to 10 × 4 mm, apex acute. (Flora of China)

• The plant produces helicopter seeds or winged seeds, which are surrounded by a pair of papery wings that, when the wind blows, carry the seeds farther away than most other fruit seeds.

Distribution
- Native to the Philippines. (1)
- Considered endangered due to logging and slash-and-burn agriculture. (4)
- Also native to Borneo, Hainan, Malaya, Thailand, Vietnam.  (1)

Constituents
- Study of EtOAc extract isolated 15 resveratrol oligomers, including parviflorol (1), diptoindonesin D    (2), eight resveratrol dimers vaticahainol (3), vitisinol G (4), malibatol A (5), vaticahainol C (6), ampelopsin A (7), balanocarpol   (8), ampelopsin F (9), and isoampelopsin (10), two resveratrol tetramers vaticaffinol (11) and isohopeaphenol A (12), two resveratrol dimers O -glucosides cordifoloside B (13)] and vatalbinoside D (14), and one resveratrol trimer O-glucoside paucifloroside B (15). (see study below) (3)
- Study of branches and twigs of Vatica mangachapoi isolated three novel oligostilbenes, vaticahainols A-C (1-3) along with 17 known oligostilbenes (4-20). (see study below) (5)
- Study of stems isolated ten components: sitgmast-4-en-3-one (1), 3 -hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid (2), syringaldehyde (3), scopoletin (4), parahydroxybenzaldehyde (5), 2,6-dimethoxyquinone (6), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamaldehyde (7), asiatic acid (8), 3-(1-C-β-D-glucopyranosly)-2,6-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid (9), 1,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexahydro-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5,7-dimethoxy-naphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-ol (10). (7)

Properties
- Studies have suggest antioxidant, immunosuppressive properties.

Parts used
- Leaves, stem bark.

Uses
Edibility
- No report on raw fruit edibility. In China, sold as "bagged Vatica mangachapoi". (see others below: green plum candy)
Folkloric
- In the Philippines, sap from leaves applied directly to wounds and cuts. (4)
Others
- Wood: Valued for its high-class timber, but now considered vulnerable due to habitat loss and overexploitation. Durable wood used for wide range of purposes: making boats, piling, posts, beams, joists, rafters. bridges, axles, poles, etc.
- Candy production / Invention: Invention discloses a Vatica mangachapoi candy production process, extracting a lemon sauce raw material for candy making. (10)

Studies
• Resveratrol Oligomers / Antioxidant / Stem Bark: The genus Vatica is documented to be a rich source of biologically active resveratrol oligomers with multifunctional bioactivities. Study evaluated various extracts and fractions of V. mangachapoi for antioxidant free radical scavenging activities using DPPH assay. The EtOAc and H2O extracts showed good antioxidant activity with IC50s of 54.4 and 32.7 µM, respectively. (see constituents above) (3)
• Oligostilbenes / Xanthine Oxidase and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activities / Oligomers / Antioxidant / Stem Bark: Study of branches and twigs of Vatica mangachapoi isolated three novel oligostilbenes, vaticahainols A-C (1-3) along with 17 known oligostilbenes (4-20). The isolated phytochemicals were evaluated for xanthine oxidase (XO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities. (5)
• Vaticaffinol / Immunosuppressive: Study evaluated the immunosuppressive activity of vaticaffinol, a resveratrol tetramer isolated from V. mangachapoi, on T lymphocytes both in vitro and in vivo, and its potential molecular mechanism. The tetramer, vaticaffinol, exerted more intensive immunosuppressive activity than resveratrol. Vaticaffinol signififcantly inhibited T cell proliferation activated by concanavalin A (Con A) or anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It also induced Con-A-activated T cells undergoing apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway. It also prevented cells from entering S phase and G2/M phase during T cell activation. Vaticaffinol significantly ameliorated ear swelling in a mouse model of picryl chloride-induced ear contact dermatitis in vivo. Results suggest vaticaffinol exerts more preferable immunosuppressive activity than its precursor resveratrol both invivo and invitro by affecting multiple targets against activated T cells. (6)
• Biologically Active Oligostilbenes / Stems: Study of stems isolated 27 oligostilbenes (1-27), including a new natural compound. Isolates were tested for anti-osteoporosis and anti-HIV activities in vitro by MTT method. (8)

Availability
- Wild-crafted.
- Seeds in the cybermarket.
- Bagged products, powders and extracts in the cybermarket.

Additional Sources and Suggested Readings
(1)
Vatica mangachapoi / KEW: Plants of the World Online
(2)
/ Plant Resources of South-East Asia
(3)
Resveratrol Oligomers from the Stem Bark of Vatica mangachapoi / Yang Hui, Xiao-Ping Song, Wen-Hao Chen et al /  Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2018; 54(5)
(4)
Antimicrobial test of five ethnomedicinal plants in an ancestral forest area / M B Bandibas, P G Roxas / Global J Environ Sci Manage., 2017; 3(3): pp 257-266 / DOI: 10.22034/gjesm.2017.03.03.003
(5)
Oligostilbenes from Vatica mangachapoi with xanthine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities / Yan Hua Qin, Jie Zhang, Hui Ming Ge et al / RSC Advances, 2011, Issue 1: pp 135-141 /
DOI: 10.1039/C1RA00007A
(6)
Vaticaffinol, a resveratrol tetramer, exerts more preferable immunosuppressive activity than its precursor in vitro and in vivo through multiple aspects against activated T lymphocytes / Li-Li Feng, Xue-Feng Wu, Hai-Liang Liu, Wen-Jie Guo, Yang Sun et al / Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2013; 267(2): pp 167-173 /
DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.12.017
(7)
Chemical constituents from the stems of Vatica mangachpoi Blanco / Li Jiu-Hui, Chen Guang-Ying, Han Chang-Ri, Mo Zheng-Rong / Journal of China Pharmaceutical Industry, 2012; 43(1): pp 25-27
(8)
Biologically active oligostilbenes from the stems of Vatica mangachapoi and chemotaxonomic significance / Shou-Yuan Wu, Chang-Ri Han et al / Natural Product Research, 2019; 33(16): pp 2300-2307 /
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1443091
(9)
Narig / Karig / H N Whitford, PhD / The Forests of the Philippines: Part II - The Principal Forest Trees; Bulletin No 10: 1911
(10)
Vatica mangachapoi blanco candy production process / CN105580954A China / Google Patents
(11)
Vatica mangachapoi / Enchanting Hainan: A plant kingdom / CGTN

DOI: It is not uncommon for links on studies/sources to change. Copying and pasting the information on the search window or using the DOI (if available) will often redirect to the new link page. (Citing and Using a (DOI) Digital Object Identifier)